What is the risk assessment of CVD in developed and developing countries?

In the UK, the Cardiovascular Disease Outcome Strategy identified 10 actions to improve CVD outcomes. This included prevention and risk management of CVD through awareness creation by reducing smoking prevalence and focus on a healthier lifestyle for people. The NHS Health Check Programme implemented in 2009 provide tailored advice to citizens regarding CVD risk and achieving lifestyle changes. The evaluation of the progress in the first four years revealed that the attendance in the programme increased from 5.8% in 2010 to 30.1% in 2012 and this has led to the identification of new comorbidities yearly.

Another important preventive work initiated by the UK government included identifying those at high risk of cardiovascular disease, the British Heart Foundation taking the responsibility to identify families at risk of cardiac death. The preventive works also emphasized on improving case finding programs by the development of new tools. Work on case findings was an effective step as this can increase the rate of antihypertensive and statin treatment for high-risk group. The evaluation of one of the targeted case finding for cardiovascular disease compared with usual care in the UK revealed an increase in a number of untreated high-risk patients who started statin or antihypertensive treatment. The success of the programme was also possible because these programs coordinated with primary care service and medical records enhanced the identification of high-risk patients. However, another comprehensive strategy which might improve risk management of the disease includes improving the infrastructure of the programme and regulation evaluation of progress to ensure that the desired target is achieved.